James Forman :: essays research papers

James Forman            Last Wednesday the social equality development lost one of its most compelling individuals to colon malignancy. James Forman kicked the bucket January tenth he is made due by his child Chaka Esmond Fanon Forman. James was conceived on Oct. 5, 1928, he spent the early years on a homestead in Marshall County, Mississippi, with his grandma. The at six years old his folks moved him to Chicago. In 1957 James moved on from Englewood High School, after secondary school he entered the Air Force and battled in the Korean War. After the war Forman moved to Roosevelt University in Chicago after his second school semester at the University of California. He additionally turned out to be dynamic in understudy legislative issues nearby before his graduation in 1957. Forman proceeded to graduate examinations at Boston University, at that point came back to Chicago. After school James proceeded to work at the Chicago Defender were he announced the sh ameful acts never really individuals in the profound south.      In 1960 he learned of dark ranchers being removed off their property by white landowners since they enrolled to cast a ballot. James left Chicago to join a program supported by the Congress for Racial Equality that gave assistance to the dislodged ranchers. In 1961 he joined The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, SNCC. Multi week subsequent to joining SNCC James was chosen for its official secretary after only multi week with the association. James worked admirably at SNCC he was a magnificent basic mastermind just as planner that is the reason Julian Bond, executive of the top managerial staff of the NAACP, said "that Forman the impetus that transformed SNCC into a battling, aggressor organization." (Pride) Forman was only compelling as Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks. In 1963 Forman was the head for the 1963 March on Washington and the Freedom Rides in which Blacks rode over the South to ensure transports were incorporated as requested by the courts. James additionally got one of the main significant blacks pioneers to request reparations for servitude. He requested 500 million dollars from white places of worship the whole way across America for their inclusion in the Atlantic Slave Trade. Significantly later in his life James was as yet dynamic in the social liberties network. In 1982 and campaigning against the arrangement of Supreme Court chosen one Robert Bork and the presidential crusade of previous Ku Klux Klan terrific wizard David Duke. He likewise made a trip to Europe and Africa in the interest of the Black Panther Party and furthermore arranged another walk on Washington in 1982.

Role of Stakeholder Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job of Stakeholder Paper - Essay Example Why this is significant is on the grounds that it warrants pull with respect to the clients in such a case that the end clients accept that quality is being given to them regarding the items, they feel pulled in to get it. Two associations that help such a quality administration process incorporate Nestle and Unilever. The makers guarantee that the quality administration process takes its premise from only them. What it really implies is the way that they have to deliver merchandise which will be of an incentive to the clients over the long haul. Presently how it gives to the end client is something significant and ought to be contemplated. On the off chance that the makers can't infer quality, at that point this is an issue that needs consideration to the extent dealing with the quality systems are connected. Subsequently their job is of most extreme substance under such situations. Essentially, the wholesalers are similarly critical with regards to actualizing a quality administration process. This is on the grounds that they are the ones who take the items from the producers and offer it to the coordinations concerns. It is their relevant obligation to ensure that the items are moved as they are and that the quality reason isn't undermined upon at any stage at all. The wholesalers along these lines get consideration under the quality administration process since they are basically the second level underneath the makers to guarantee that the items arrive at the important markets in an enough stable manner. The third partner contains the calculated accomplices who essentially ensure that the items are moved to the retailers. They get the items from the wholesalers and oversee it down to the retailer level. They need to guarantee that quality isn't undermined upon in light of the fact that it is basically their activity. On the off chance that they don't do as such, there are issues as far as bundling which can get imperfect, and afterward there is the significant conversation of item being sent under fixed transfer proportions. It is in this way huge to comprehend

Borrowing Part 3 International Students COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Borrowing Part 3 International Students COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following post is part of a three part series written by a member of the admissions and financial aid staff, Colin Sullivan. _____________________ If students from overseas (or across great lands) require additional funding to supplement any fellowships, sponsorships, or grants they may receive, they can apply for the very same private loans as their American compatriots, but they must have a US citizen or permanent resident willing to cosign. We also advise that our international students contact banks in their home countries to research the possibility of education or personal loan opportunities to help cover the full cost of attendance.  Something as simple as a Google search with various applicable keywords (i.e., “student”, “loan”, “international”, etc) can often yield a deep well from which you can siphon exactly the type of financing you may require. International Applicant Frequently Asked Questions: Question: I’m an international applicant. Can SIPA or any SIPA employees cosign on my private education loan for me, or can Columbia University provide me with a cosigner? Answer: SIPA cannot serve as a cosigner on any loans, nor can we refer a cosigner. A cosigner should primarily be an individual with whom you share a personal relationship, and someone who would be willing to assume responsibility for the loan should you become unable to pay. Question:   I’m an international applicant, and my uncle is a wealthy banker in my home country. Would he be able to cosign on my loan? Answer: Unfortunately at this time, US private education lending institutions require that either a US citizen or permanent resident cosign on your loan, with no exceptions. Question: Would I be able to use my personal assets as collateral in the absence of a US cosigner? Answer: At one time, private education loan lenders were willing to accept collateral, but due to the recent “credit crunch” in the US, they have since discontinued this practice. However, a bank in your home country may be able to provide funding for you in a similar manner. Question: I have been unable to find a cosigner. Is there any additional financial aid available to me, and does SIPA offer any school-originated loans or financing that I can utilize? Answer: At this time, Columbia University offers no such programs for either domestic or international students, as we do not operate as a lender.

The World Was Dying, By Alfred Jones - 1148 Words

The world was dying, we all knew this time was coming, how soon we just didn’t know that. The year was 2072 and the human race was in pure panic. The soil and water were too poisoned to grow food and the hazy pollution did nothing for the plants that did grow. The leading men and women of my time started looking for an out, trying everything they could to clean the soil and water and the air, so we could survive. But nothing worked, and the human race was slowly dying off. That’s where I came in, my name is Alfred Jones and along with my twin sister Andrea we were sent out to find a new home. We just didn’t expect the adventures that awaited us. Among two hundred other young men and women we partnered up and searched the galaxies of any†¦show more content†¦I turned my head and her yellow-green eyes stared into my own yellow-green eyes. â€Å"We’re coming up to another planet Alfred, get ready.† Her voice broke the hum of machines and I nodded, okay so she didn’t want to update. Turning and following my sister I suited up and hung on to a hand holder as the small space pod landed, just another day on the job. Going ahead of my sister I exited the opening and landed on soft†¦blue soil? â€Å"Huh? What the†¦.?† I murmured and bent down and ran my gloved hands through it. Blue soil, well there’s a first for everything I suppose. â€Å"Alfred? Hello? Hey, dummy! You’re supposed to answer, ya know!† Her irritated voice spoke through my earpiece and I startled and snapped back. â€Å"Well you’re supposed to give me a chance! Oh smart one!† â€Å"Shut up and do the tests already.† She deadpanned and I shot the space pod a look as I got out my tools. Running through the most important test of all, oxygen. â€Å"Positive.† The machine’s female voice broke through my thoughts and I ran it again just to be safe. â€Å"Positive.† Air†¦clean air. Not really thinking through things I had my mask off and Andrea’s panicked voice yelling in my ear. I breathed in my first breath of clean air for the first time in my life. â€Å"Put your mask back on! Alfred Jones!† My sister’s voice and footsteps pounded in my head, rattling my mind. A small gloved hand grabbed my shoulder and angry yellow-green eyes

Non Verbal Communication At A Lancaster County Grocery Store

As people interact with each other they communicate with their actions using nonverbal communication, the communication that is voiced with out linguistic ways (Adler, Proctor 188). Throughout life individuals discover how to communicate non verbally among each other and daily life is the classroom. Non verbal communication is key to interacting with others as well as a crucial role in social life and one’s own sanity. Observations were made to assist perception in the comprehension of this non verbal communication assignment supporting to absorb more knowledge concerning this topic. Observations completed on this subject were held at a Lancaster County grocery store in addition to a manufactured home retail business. In the first situation observed, a married couple, were being presented with sample homes from a manufacture home sales person. Both the salesperson as well as the wife and husband were dressed in a very professional manner, as to show their importance of the ma tter they were attending to. The couple’s body s orientation, the way they were facing the salesperson as in their feet, body and face, showed that they were serious about the possibility of purchasing a home from this industry (198). As the couple approached the first sample home the wife’s facial expression displayed excitement while the husband showed apprehension. However, the second home showed promise in both the husband and wife’s eyes, but the salesperson started to show a lack of interestShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages are expected to increase faster than the African-American labor force. This increase means that non-whites will compose about 28% of the U.S. labor force by 2006. Also, with 36% of all children under age 18 being non-white, the demographic shifts to greater racial/ethnic diversity are likely to continue. In addition, immigration of individuals into the United States is heavily weighted toward non-whites. The importance of all these shifts is that HR professionals must ensure that diverse groupsRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesreflected in their AIS. An organization’s AIS must reflect its business processes and its line of business. For example:  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · 1.5 Manufacturing companies will need a set of procedures and documents for the production cycle; non-manufacturing companies do not. Government agencies need procedures to track separately all inflows and outflows from various funds, to ensure that legal requirements about the use of specific funds are followed. Financial institutions do not needRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesand most rigid. Networking and diffusion work better than bureaucracy does. An emphasis on creativity is essential. The people closest to what is happening are those who can lead and improve it the most effectively for a sustained economy. As communication has become increasingly less expensive, it has become more and more productive to provide access for all employees to the information that can help them make their own decisions as well as the authority to make those decisions. RECOGNIZING THE

Manmohan Singh Free Essays

ohan Singh- A weak PM ? Manmohan Singh is the 13th and current Prime minister of the country. But in the past one year he has been heavily criticized and he has ended up facing a lot of flack from the opposition as well as the citizens of the country. But is this enough to say that he is a weak PM? No I don’t think so, while criticizing him we all are forgetting the good work he has done for our country. We will write a custom essay sample on Manmohan Singh or any similar topic only for you Order Now What a lot of us don’t know is that before becoming the prime minister of the country Manmohan Singh was the finance minister of our country, during the early 90’s, at that time our country was in a lot of debt and it was because of his policies that we were able to come out of such a difficult situation and stand on our own two feet. We must not forget that it was during his time that the policy of LPG- liberalization, globalization and privatization was bought in our country. According to an article in a well known magazine it was quoted that he is one of the leaders who is loved by and respected by other leader’s, in 2010 he was 18th in Times magazine’s most powerful person’s. And also he has been said to be the best prime minister of the country since Nehru. But there is a famous saying that if you have roses then you have thorn to. Same is the case with Manmohan Singh, with the UPA government facing a lot of flack for the way it has been governing the country for the last couple of years. Specially with the CWG scam, 2G scam and the recent Baba Ramdev and Anna Hazzare incidents his image has been spoiled. He has been called a puppet in the hand of Sonia Gandhi, he ha been accused of not standing up for himself when most needed. People don’t understand the gravity of the situation or what pressure Mr. Singh is and how every move he makes is judged and criticized. Every wrong move by him is noted and the right one not taken note of. So what if Mr. Singh does not make many public appearances or decides to keep mum on certain issues, he is like the background dancer who doesn’t get notice but is one of the biggest reason for a particular dance to be good. Just like many a people might say that he is a puppet in Mrs. Gandhi’s hand but just like the background dancer he works from the behind for the success of his government. That is the reason even with so many scams UPA is in one it’s best reign over the last couple of decade’s. How to cite Manmohan Singh, Papers

Information Technology Innovations and Implementation

Question: Discuss about the Information Technology Innovations and Implementation. Answer: Introduction Advancement in health information system has enabled efficient management and transmission of patients health related information within the health care system. The system has been effectively utilized for routine screening, disease surveillance and management of huge patients related data. The six important component of health information system includes health informatics resources, indicators, data sources, data management, information products and dissemination and utilization of the technology for patients. Proper understanding of all this factor helps in smooth functioning of the system (Abdelhak et al., 2014).The purpose of this task is to analyse article on health information and technology issues and describe the key theme and learning in each article. It will help in identifying the challenges faced in health care field and it benefits or limitations to care for patients. The challenges and limitation will help identify mistakes committed in the process and the recommendati on will provide guideline to health care staffs and workers to improve the accuracy and reliability of health informatics and achieve better health outcome for patients. Analysis The table will present the key ideas, challenges, key learning and benefits of particular health information them after analysis of 8 media article related to health informatics. Source Main ideas presented Key implementation challenges and learnings IT Governance learnings Benefits or limitations to patients and patient care Other learnings Source 1: (Apps, 2016). The report provides an overview of the impact of information and communication technology on public health and delivery of care. In addition to this, it also explains the importance of following ethical principles to maximise the growth of eHealth. The challenges associated with the implementation of eHealth can be multifaceted and it may due to lack of organizational commitment and strategic plan for effectively introducing the technology in existing health care system. Many ethical and security issues might come up while adopting the new technology, hence in order to ensure proper integration of eHealth technology, one must address the legal and security related issues in such technology (Wu et al., 2014). Other important lessons learnt from this report is that WHO encourages all members states to make a long-term strategic plan according to legal framework to develop eHealth service in health care setting, facilitate better collaboration with appropriates public and private partnership. The key area of action for IT governance in the development of eHealth is that policies should lay more stress on promoting equitable and affordability of the technology so people from all walks of life can enjoy the benefits of health informatics. They should also give opportunity for creating network of excellence for best practice in eHealth by means coordination with policies and service improvement initiatives. The most important benefits of eHealth for patient is that it will lead swift action and taking rapid response to diseases. This is possible because eHealth will increase the speed of surveillance and screening for identification of disease. Faster screening process will lead to faster diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment process. It will lead to better management of health condition and improvement in public health. eHealth can be a risk for patients only when health care staff are not given adequate literacy and training to handle new and advances medical equipments and devices. Hence, eHealth literacy can solve this problem to enable smooth workflow in health sector (Watkins Xie, 2014). Other important elements covered in WHO report recommends following ethical guidelines and multisectorial collaboration to achieve compatibility all areas of eHealth. Its promise to provide technical support to all member states will facilitate the disseminations of best practices in successfully adopting the new technology in hospital setting. Source 2: (Cresswell Sheikh, 2013). This article gave detail on the technical, social and organizational challenges faced by organization during the implementation of health information technology in health care setting. The analysis of medical data bases related to the implementation and adoption of eHealth technology in hospital showed that resistance to the use of the system among health care staffs pose threat to patients. The range of factors included organizational issues like lack of training and effective communication regarding its use in hospitals and personal issues like fear with this technology due to lack of computer knowledge (Vest Gamm, 2010). This factor may negatively affect the workflow and lead to medical errors. The key learning is that without strategic planning, it is not possible to widen the use of health technology among health care staff. IT governance plays a very critical role in implementing health informatics and seeing the barrier in adoption of eHealth technology, it is necessary that IT governance focus on policies to address organizational issues in introducing new technology. Facilitating effective communication and approval of clinicians will help in promoting acceptance to health care technology (Savel Foldy, 2012). The limitation of health care technology is that resistance to technology and barrier in workflow may risk the life of patients. However, it has enabled use of appropriate technology in specific health situation and empowered patients to quickly access health information and support from remote locations (Househ et al., 2014). Other key learning from the challenges identified in implementation of health technology is that patient safety and quality of care can be improved by improvements in usability of the system. For example assessing the satisfaction of end user to such technology is essential to increase the reliability of the system (Middleton et al., 2013). Source 3: (The future is now, 2016). This article brings into focus the immense train in health service and the factors that contribute to this issue. It occurs due to ageing population, unexpected pattern of disease and rise in demand of high quality care. Hence, with this concept, the article provides example of range of innovative programme that delivers high quality care. Uncertainty and unpredictability due to several issues are the major challenge that the health care sector faces. The important findings from the article are as follows: 1) With the advent of health care technology, patients have gained access to medical records and enable them to easily manage health condition or illness. 2) Health informatics has helped to easily give health care knowledge to patients who lack understanding about disease and its pathophysiology. The ultimate benefit is prevention of disease after precautionary measures. 3) Holistic approach to care has been possible because due to diverse range of options. The main IT governance learnings is related to withdrawal from professional hierarchies by giving control in health care related task according to competency level. For example the Buurtzorg model adopted in USA and Japan has enabled nurses to look after fewer patients each day but spend longer time for care of each individual. This kind of approach will in building therapeutic relationship with patients. The main benefits of the health care technology for patient is that it has given them range of options for treatment according to their convenience and also enable them to quickly access health care information from online health care portal instantly. Patients can now easily operate medical equipments as evident from the self-dialysis unit at Rhyhov hospital. Innovative health care device has also lead to decrease in hospitalization rates and positive health behaviour in patients. It has also enabled people to get the right amount of health care support to manage illness. Another important fact proposed in the article was that it is necessary to break barriers all the categories of health service and introduce centres of health care outside clinical setting. New technology will specifically help in relocation of delivery of care to reach out to more and more people gradually. With this approach, many service can be readily available to patients from their home only (Street et al., 2013). Source 4: (17th PACI Task Force Meeting Executive Summary, 2016). This article summarizes the Global Information Technology Report which provides detail on the role of information and communication technology in supporting economic growth and employment in the world. It also gives current status of readiness towards information technology among NRIs and gives the economic profile of each country. The main challenges to new developments in the information and health care technology may occur due to slow growth economies across the world. The main learning facts is that as the data for growth in digitization is analysed country wise, it has been found that countries like North America and Western Europe see fewer employment benefits due to digitization. Hence, the correct formula for success will vary according to different country and nature of work in different industries. The main lesson for health care professionals is to take steps to promotes access to health information technology and arrange specific broadband infrastructure needed for the process. During the planning process, it is also necessary that policy makers identify new opportunities in the field to make the available in respective field. Making effective health care policy will also mean advancing relation between job creation and productivity during the digitization process. Hence, to create specific digitization agenda, it is necessary to critically analyse all inter-related factors to proceed to the right path. Patients care will be more efficient and accurate with the intelligent connection of people, process and the related data through Internet of Everything (IoE). It will lead to better opportunities for patients to receive highly advanced care in the most accessible manner and hence this network will drive excellent innovation in the health care sector. The limitations of the use of ICT for patients care is that it may hamper patients confidentiality when some of the patients health information are disclosed inappropriately due to failure in the system (Faden et al., 2013). This report summarising the economies of different countries showed that UK is top countries according to economies and therefore provides the most conducive environment for implementation of ICT in different industries. On the contrary, US was found to be the worst in terms of embracing this technology. The countries who succeeded in fully adopting the technology is a proof that they have achieved this mainly because of full commitment to have such technology and make peoples life better than before. Source 5: (Cresswell et al., 2013). This literature gives idea on the ten important factors that will lead to successful implementation and adoptions health information technology in health care sector. Issues or problems may arise during the implementation process in the absence of clarity for the need for such device and why it is needed in current health setting. Many physicians have also been found to oppose to this technology because they have more trust in the traditional method of processing of health care information. Hence better conceptualization is required to enhance reliability of health information technology and expanding its use in health service. Other important learning from the research article is that systemic organizational changes is required to make the implementation process successful and one can take lessons from organization which have already gone through this process and who are aware of the problem phase in each stage of implementation. To make the implementation process successful, the government can engage all key stakeholders to unite together and move forwards with shared vision of achieving better adoptability to such health care technology. This will helps to eliminate conflicts and resistance in adapting to such technology and enable better management of health informatics and its related changes. This will serve to achieve the purpose of implementing such technology and meet the goal of continuing with consistent improvement in healt carre service and patients health outcome. The limitation or risk to patients can arise only when proper approach or planning is not done before starting the process of implementing health care technology in hospitals. The main benefits for patient is that drifting away from traditional method of care will lead to fast delivery of health care service without the need of managing paper records. For example the implementation of electronic medical records has reduced medication order related to errors and enables safety in care (Tierney et al., 2013). Other important elements for successful implementation of health informatics is to assess the risk associated with the system and implement it only after monitoring the changes in other health care organization who have adopted such technologies or devices. The You tube video demonstrate various mobile based health applications that has come up with the advancement in internet and health care technology. The video demonstrated the presence of various applications to monitor blood sugar level or blood pressure just by smart phones. It has enables tracking activities with the click of smart phones and also gives alert to what is good for patients. It helps in tracking of day to day activities and maintains healthy habits in daily life. It also has the feature of personalization and the option to consult other friends who have more information about the system. For example the notification in fitbit or google fit provides patients with goals with daily life activities and identifies progress every day. It works to increase the motivation level in patients. Challenges in using this mobile applications is that it has chances of exposing patients privacy if downloaded from unreliable sources and hence it is necessary that patients do not blindly believe in all such technology and use their judgement properly along with consultation from family physician to use the best available applicatio ns in daily life. IT governance functions in promoting and advertising advanced health applications that people can easily access from internet. It will enable more people to know about useful health applications and motivate them to adapt to health habits and health related behavioural change in real life. Health application may be risky for those patients who do not exactly how to manage internet based data or those who end up totally depending on the technology in life. Although, it is necessary that people take adequate steps to consults their physician and also get it checked from them to see the credibility of the apps. The benefit of such application is that it will motivate patients to practice health habits in life when they will see their daily progress just from their smart phones instead of visiting physicians regularly. Other learnings from the video is that it is necessary that more research is done on making lives better for patients with disability with the use of health applications. The more diverse is the features of these apps, the greater chance it has of patients trust with such applications. It is also essential that this technology in accurately tested before releasing it in the market. Source 7: (Black et al., 2011). This systematic review gives over view of the impact of eHealth on the quality and safety of health care. It has often been found that certain claims made by device maker are not reflective of their actual potential and lead to hazardous outcome. The findings from the literature showed that there is lack empirical evidence regarding the in relation to the claim made in such technology. The main challenge of eHealth is that it may pose risk to patients and hamper the quality of care given in some cases. Since the research article showed that policy makers support new devices without proper testing and analysing the empirical evidence against the claims made by technology makers, it is necessary that strict action is taken strictly analyse all claims to ensure reliability of the device. There are immense benefits for patients due to advancement in storing and management of patient record, effective clinical support and the opportunity for patients to access care from a distance (Bergmo, 2015). The finding from the article is that there is large gap between the proposed benefit and actual benefit of all eHealth technology. In absence of strong evidence, the purpose and cost effectiveness of eHealth technology is not met. Source 8: (Joel Selanikio: The surprising seeds of a big-data revolution in healthcare, 2016). The video by Joel Selanikio gives detail on the huge amount of data available on internet and issues arising due to mismanagement of data entered in the digital world. The main challenges of the availability of too many data on internet is that it is a threat for people using certain site as hackers mis-utilize the data and try to trick users to give personal information which they should not give to strangers. There is also lack of information on actual disease related conditions to help patients manage their disease on day to day basis. Patients cannot totally rely on data available on internet. The government of different countries have the role in taking initiative to strengthen the data available in internet and invest in better infrastructure in health care setting to smoothly use this technology. The cloud based data on internet has immense health benefits for patient as it helps in timely identification of disease in particular region and take immediate steps to handle emergency case in epidemic or endemic area. The video also gave an alternative way of collection of data to be put on internet and address the challenges faced in handling such data. This data has been effectively utilized by biologist to probe genes and examine their evolution. It has also helped in discovering the genetic make-up of different cancers and their influence on patients (Marx, 2013). Conclusions The detailed review of 8 articles on the theme of health information technology gave insight into new findings on the development eHealth and other related technologies in health care setting. While the WHO report gave insight into the impact of eHealth on public health, the article by Creswell et al., (2013) gave idea about the key challenges faced in implementing health care technology in health care setting. Other information were related to role of communication technology in economic growth, availability of smart phone applications related to health, handling big data on internet and the factor to be considered for effective implementation. Hence all this information and different perspectives provides wider idea about ideal steps for implementation process. Kaye et al., (2013) also stressed that despite difference in issues in different countries, common barriers and success factors can be easily identifies. Recommendations The existence of health care technology is redundant when they are efficiently exploited to gain maximum benefits from this. The ideal steps for the implementation and adopt of health care technology is to first assess the expected and unexpected barrier during the process. The common barriers include lack of clarity of actual benefits and little support given to clinician and nurse to utilize the technology. The critical success factor includes innovative leadership, proper collaboration with all health care team and considering privacy legislation. Hence to succeed in effectively adopting health care technology, optimal balance between market dynamics, competition and choice is required to integrate the system. Apart from this, balance between privacy and quality of care will enhance improvement in health care technology (Kaye et al., (2013). References Apps. (2016).Apps.who.int. Retrieved 31 October 2016, from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/20378/1/WHA58_28-en.pdf?ua=1 Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S., Hanken, M. A. (2014).Health information: management of a strategic resource. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bergmo, T. S. (2015). How to measure costs and benefits of eHealth interventions: An overview of methods and frameworks.Journal of medical Internet research,17(11). Black, A. D., Car, J., Pagliari, C., Anandan, C., Cresswell, K., Bokun, T., ... Sheikh, A. (2011). The impact of eHealth on the quality and safety of health care: a systematic overview.PLoS Med,8(1), e1000387. Cresswell, K. M., Bates, D. W., Sheikh, A. (2013). Ten key considerations for the successful implementation and adoption of large-scale health information technology.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), e9-e13. Cresswell, K., Sheikh, A. (2013). Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), e73-e86. Faden, R. R., Kass, N. E., Goodman, S. N., Pronovost, P., Tunis, S., Beauchamp, T. L. (2013). An ethics framework for a learning health care system: a departure from traditional research ethics and clinical ethics.Hastings Center Report,43(s1), S16-S27. Getting the most from health apps. (2016). YouTube. Retrieved 31 October 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtWtkdTfJmw Househ, M., Borycki, E., Kushniruk, A. (2014). Empowering patients through social media: the benefits and challenges.Health informatics journal,20(1), 50-58. Joel Selanikio: The surprising seeds of a big-data revolution in healthcare. (2016).YouTube. Retrieved 1 November 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mb8x6v LcggcKaye, R., Kokia, E., Shalev, V., Idar, D., Chinitz, D. (2013). Barriers and success factors in health information technology: A practitioner's perspective.Journal of Management Marketing in Healthcare. Marx, V. (2013). Biology: The big challenges of big data.Nature,498(7453), 255-260. Middleton, B., Bloomrosen, M., Dente, M. A., Hashmat, B., Koppel, R., Overhage, J. M., ... Zhang, J. (2013). Enhancing patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems: recommendations from AMIA.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), e2-e8. Savel, T. G., Foldy, S. (2012). The role of public health informatics in enhancing public health surveillance.MMWR Surveill Summ,61(Suppl), 20-4. Street, R. L., Gold, W. R., Manning, T. R. (2013).Health promotion and interactive technology: Theoretical applications and future directions. Routledge.The future is now. (2016).The future is now. Retrieved 31 October 2016, from https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/reports/thefutureisnow/Tierney, M. J., Pageler, N. M., Kahana, M., Pantaleoni, J. L., Longhurst, C. A. (2013). Medical education in the electronic medical record (EMR) era: benefits, challenges, and future directions.Academic Medicine,88(6), 748-752. Vest, J. R., Gamm, L. D. (2010). Health information exchange: persistent challenges and new strategies.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,17(3), 288-294. Watkins, I., Xie, B. (2014). Implementing eHealth literacy interventions in diverse communities: Challenges and opportunities.Gerontechnology,13(2), 305. Wu, Y. P., Steele, R. G., Connelly, M. A., Palermo, T. M., Ritterband, L. M. (2014). Commentary: Pediatric eHealth interventions: Common challenges during development, implementation, and dissemination.Journal of pediatric psychology, jsu022. 17th PACI Task Force Meeting Executive Summary. (2016).17th PACI Task Force Meeting Executive Summary. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://reports.weforum.org/global-information-technology-report-2013/.

April Morning essays

April Morning essays April Morning was an interesting book concerning a young man, Adam Cooper, and the trials and tribulations of his taking part in the Battle of Lexington. The story takes place mostly in Adams home town of Lexington, Massachusetts, but also partially on the surrounding roads and countryside. The novel opens with a glimpse into the daily life of the Cooper family. As Adam com-ments on the harsh perfectionist opprobrium of his father, I find myself drawn to his side of the issue. Adam confuses his fathers constant animadversion with the feeling that his father hates him. These feelings of hate are somewhat annulled by Granny, Adams grandmother and confi-dant. She tells him that, since she has known Moses Cooper longer than anyone, she knows that he really loves Adam. This is further exerted when Adam overhears a conversation between his par-ents. All this was happening with the rumblings of war nearby. The British taxes and tariffs were intensifying and by then most New England towns had their own local governments called Committees. These Committees were supported by local community leaders who also organized a town militia. When word reached Lexington that a British army landed, the local militia was mustered through much urging by Moses Cooper and Jonas Parker, the Captain of the Militia. They pushed for a marshaling of the soldiers for completely different reasons, however. Moses stood firm by the principles of freedom and common human decency. Jonas Parker simply felt that because he was chosen to be Captain of the Militia, it was his right, duty, and obligation to be out for the blood of any redcoat crossing into Lexington, Massachusetts. In any case, the British came to Lexington. The town representatives went to parlay with them. Jonas Parker, Moses Cooper, the Reverend, and Simon Casper, a confrontational battle ad-vocate, were there in front of three mounted British officers. All they...

Animal Research PA School essays

Animal Research PA School essays Today in the age of fast, efficient computer technology is there still a need for the animal testing methods used hundreds of years ago? Many scientist and doctors, including Nobel Prize winners, say yes, because it is the only way to view what happens to a whole living body without risking any harm to humans. Banning animal testing would only cause the number of humans dying from drug interactions to increase, since human safety would be sacrificed for the animals sake, is the belief of many researchers (Understanding). Yet, in the past thirty years there has been a growing number of animal rights organizations, and also more conservative institutions, including Harvard, Yale, and Stanford Universities, which have banned testing on animals. These medical schools are speaking out on the benefits of using alternatives to animal labs and recommending alternatives animal testing to be instituted elsewhere (People). These groups are establishing the belief that there are humane alternati ves to animal testing. Greeks and Romans are the first known people to conduct animal studies. A famous early animal experimenter was Galen, a Greek anatomist and physician. Early animal experimentations were primitive, by our standards today. For instance, from his research of over fifty different species, Aristotle concluded that the heart was the center of the nervous system (McCoy, 15). As time progressed, it became taboo to test on either humans or animals. People in the thirteenth-century believed that they had no right to intervene with diseases, which were understood to be Gods wrath. The clergy said anyone, man or beast, who had a disease must let His will be done. This world view caused priests to oppose all scientific experimentation including vivisection of animals and humans. When the church made it illegal and punishable by death if anyone dissected a cadaver, the church and the scientific...

Lasers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Lasers - Essay Example 13). â€Å"The invention of the laser was one of the groundbreaking scientific achievements of the twentieth century† (Lang and Barbero vii). This technology resulted in the development of new systems of communication, optical devices, space exploration, digital devices, and the mastery of nuclear energy. Lasers are oscillators functioning at optical frequencies producing monochromatic, coherent, and highly collimated intense beams of light. The frequencies of operation lie within a spectrum of far infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet or soft X-ray region (Lang and Barbero xii). This process occurs â€Å"when a beam of light passes through a specially prepared medium and intiates or stimulates the atoms within that medium to emit light† (Silfvast 1). Light is emitted from a source such as a flash lamp or diode, and the light is amplified in the lasing media which may be a gas, liquid, or solid. â€Å"The light travels between two mirrors; one of the mirrors is 100% reflective, while the other is partially translucent† (Dajnowski et al. 13). Light repeatedly passes through the lasing media until it gains the required energy level, at which point it exits through the partially reflective, translucent mirror, state Dajnowski et al. (13). The light is released in exactly the same direction and same wavelength as that of the original beam. Thus, lasers are devices that â€Å"amplify or increase the intensity of light to produce a highly directional, high-intensity beam that typically has a very pure frequency or wavelength† (Silfvast 1). The components of a typical laser device include an amplifying or gain medium, a pumping source to channel energy into the device, and an optical cavity or mirror arrangement for reflecting the beam of light back and forth through the amplifying medium for further increase and intensification. â€Å"A useful laser beam is obtained by allowing a small portion of the light to escape by passing through one of the mirrors that is

The effect of immigration on US economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The effect of immigration on US economy - Essay Example This decrease was a result of reduced job opportunities and increased law enforcement. (Giovanni 24) Despite this reduction, researchers found that the reproduction could have contributed the reduction of immigrants. A good number of immigrants have children, who are recognized legally as US citizens, others intermarried gaining their citizenship by marriage. Although it is hard to estimate the actual number of immigrants living in the US, researchers estimated that a third of the total population living in the US is illegal. Recent reports released by the center for immigration studies showed that in the year 2012, 12 million immigrants arrived in the United States temporally using non-immigrants visas. This figure translates to a 50% total population by the year 2000. Significant number of these illegal immigrants was from Mexico. For over a decade, there has been rapid distribution of immigrants in the United States. Georgia reported the immigrant population growth rate of 152% between year 2000 and 2007. California grew by 10.2%, registering the largest number of immigrants in the United States. Consequently, California can comfortably offset its fiscal cost. Although this immigration may be caused by historical and geographical factors, economic growth is achieved. For instance, if a state is experiencing rapid growth in terms of economic conditions, it might end up encouraging immigrants and affect income, output and employment. Analysis by various physiologists says that, reasonable arguments are being raised to protect all American-born workers from competition from immigrants. The United States government is enforcing strict laws to prioritize recognition of American born citizen (Nwosu, Batalova and Auclair 56). Immigrants are allowed to keep transportation, natural resources, construction and maintenance occupation and material moving occupations. On the other hand, the

Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in Different Environments

Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in Different Environments Most confinement studies have focused on the effects of freezing and melting pure liquids like water, hydrogen and helium; inert gases and organic liquids in nanoscale pores. Thus, many studies have shown that melting points and enthalpies of fusion in nanoscale crystals can differ significantly from their bulk scale counterparts. It has been shown (Christenson H.K., 2001) that melting points decrease in crystalline solids embedded within nanoporous matrices and melting point depression becomes more significant with decreasing size of pore. However, the confinement has other less known effects that will be discussed in this report. The study of biominerals shows that many biological reactions take place in specific spaces which can provide a structural and chemical environment that enables the controlled formation of crystals. The formation of biominerals in these specific volumes assigns them certain characteristics which would change if the growth environment changed. This kind of organization suggests that there should be similar systems which are available and exploitable in synthetic materials chemistry. Some studies have focused on these changes and have attempted to confine compounds such as calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate. These studies have been conducted in synthetics systems to observe the differences on their crystallization in confinement and in bulk solutions. The results obtained in these studies are discussed in this report. There have been numerous investigations into the precipitation of calcium carbonate in different confined environments. For example, it has been grown within regular arrays of picoliter droplets created on patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) (Stephens, C. J., et al. 2011). Figure 1. SAM deposited on a gold-mica substrate with a droplet of CaCO3 solution by passing a Na2CO3/CaCl2 solution across the SAM. (copied from reference 6) It is also possible to confine CaCO3 within the confines of a annular wedge, formed around the contact point of two crossed half cylinders. The cylinders are functionalized with SAMs. (Stephens, C. J., et al. 2010). Formerly, CaCO3 biomineralization was considered to be based in a combination of ions pumped into the mineral deposition site. However, CaCo3 confinement has helped to increase our understanding of biomineralization processes due to a higher study of its formation. Currently, it is well known that calcite and aragonite formation in biological systems frequently proceeds via ACC (amorphous CaCO3) precursor. It was shown (Stephens, C. J., et al. (2011) how the crystallisation of CaCO3 was slower in droplets than in a bulk solution. This allows us to observe the mechanism of crystallisation more easily and then study the different stages of the process or even discover new polymorphs. The research shows that the crystals that had precipitated within the droplets were quite different in morphology and were smaller than those precipitated in bulk. While the crystals precipitated in bulk solution were rhombohedral calcite crystals, most crystals formed in the droplets were tetrahedral ACC crystals. The explanation for these results is that the rate of crystallization of the ACC phase decreases in confinement. In bulk solution, the tetrahedral growth form converted into the more common rhombohedral morphology faster than in the droplets because the lifetime of the ACC precursor phase increased in small volumes. In particular, precipitation reaction of CaCO3 terminates at an earlier stage of crystallization in SAMs than in the bulk solution. Thus, under the limited reagent conditions, we might be able to observe the frozen intermediate and then, better understand its mechanism of crystallization. Other work has confined the CaCO3 in phospholipid bilayer vesicles (Tester C., Ryan E. Brock, et al. 2011). The results obtained are similar to those obtained in droplets: confinement allow the stabilization and control transformation of metastable amorphous precursor phases of calcite. Figure 2. Phospholipid bilayer vesicle (liposome) (copied from reference 18) Liposomal encapsulation offers excellent control over calcite nucleation and growth. CaSO4 was also confined in a annular wedge formed around the contact point of two crossed half cylinders (Wang, Y. W., H. K. Christenson, et al. 2013). A remarkable stabilization of the metastable phases amorphous calcium sulfate and calcium sulfate hemihydrates was observed. Confinement caused changes in the crystal shapes, sizes and observed polymorphs. The effect of confinement on Calcium Phosphate has also been studied. The importance of Calcium Phosphate confinement is highlighted by the fact that it allows understanding of bone and teeth structure and its formation mechanism (Cantaert B., Elia Beniash et al. 2013). By precipitating calcium phosphate within the pores of track-etched membranes, it is demonstrated that the formation of polycrystalline hydroxapatite and octacalcium phosphate (results of the crystallization of calcium phosphate) occurs by means of an intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate which is significantly stabilised in confinement. In addition, it is shown that in confinement the spatial constraints can provide a more organised structure of apatitic crystals because preferred orientations of the calcium phosphate nanocystals might appear. This research shows that orientation of the polycrystalline hydroxapatite in confinement is comparable or even superior to that seen in bone. Figure 3. Precipitation of CaPO3 within membrane pores (copied from reference 1) Some other studies have also reported that solid crystallization within nanometer-scale often exhibit preferred orientations with respect to the direction of the pores. Organic crystals were grown in the porous polymer monoliths and it was shown that pore direction affects the orientation of the nanocrystal. (Hamilton et al. 2012). Moreover, it is demonstrated that the sizes of crystals embedded in pores and the polymorph stability and selectivity during crystallization are affected by the pore size. The importance of confinement is explained through the crystallization processes since most of biological and chemical reactions can be affected by confinement, due to the changes in stability, morphology, polymorph, orientation, polycrisystalline character of crystals and also in the rate of crystallization. Indeed there are many crystallization phenomena that we cannot describe correctly from bulk solution. In conclusion, the confinement effects are important in general material synthesis since many optical, ferroelectric, electronic and magnetic proprieties of crystalline material depend on the control of the polymorphic forms of materials. Moreover, the study of early stages crystal growth is hard because they are transient and form randomly. Hence, to study the different polymorphic forms and orientation of crystals, it will be useful for solid crystallization to be conducted in localized volumes.

Of Mice and Men Character Analysis: Loneliness Essay

In Of Mice and Men many characters are lonely or at least act that way. The characters I think are lonely are Lennie, George, Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s Wife. The loneliness in the story is what causes most of the conflict in the story. Everyone in this story is lonely or must have been lonely. I think loneliness is one of the most important parts of this story. Lennie is one of the loneliest characters in the book. He makes friends with animals, he likes to pet them and talk to them even if they are dead. Him being lonely even caused him to get trouble in weed. As a bright side to it, as result he meets his best friend, George, who helps him through the rest of the story. It is truly the best relationship throughout the whole book. Lennie however is still lonely with George. When they get to their new job he gets into even more trouble due to his loneliness; first killing his pup followed by doing the same to Curley’s Wife. Crooks is lonely, however I think he probably most times is just overlooked. No one wants to be with him because of his race. This does take place when there was still segregation. Even his room is set aside from the rest. While everyone sleeps in the bunk house he sleeps out in the stable with the horses. Then one of the only times they spend time with Crooks, in my opinion, was not a pleasurable experience for him. Candy had his dog. Which he must have really liked and he must have had it for a long time because when everyone else was sick of the dog he still kept him around. This is why I think Candy was sad during the duration of the story or before. Eventually he does let go of the dog but he can’t even kill it. Curley’s wife always acts like she is lonely. I say she is most likely acting because there is a possibility that she is the kind of narcissistic person who always needs more and more attention. She is always â€Å"looking for Curley† and she ends up mainly just taking to whoever she finds. She even goes as far as to offer Lennie to feel her hair. At one point at her life she even had the chance to become an actress where she would have been able to reach the maximum level for attention. She had this once in a life time opportunity stripped from her by her mother. That’s why I believe she feels she needs all the attention she actively seeks out. George in the story has only one true friend, Lennie. This friendship is only out of pity, but I don’t think George would purposefully abandon Lennie. George keeps Lennie in good standing with other people and tries to keep him out of trouble. George does get along with the other characters but I don’t think any of them really are a true friendship like what he has with Lennie. The loneliness progress the story like so. Lennnie’s solitude and love to feel soft things causes the accident in Weed with the girl’s dress. George’s seclusion, supervision, and companionship with Lennie grounds George to be entangled with him. Lennie again being desolate makes him ask George for one of Slim’s pups. He kills this pup on accident after it bites him. He is sitting in the barn thinking about what he had done and even talks to the deceased puppy. Curley’s wife finds him in the barn and in a way tries to comfort him. Lennie being the rough person he unfortunately is kills her on accident. All of these events were product of someone feeling alone. As this paper has thoroughly shown most of the characters in Of Mice and Men where lonely and were at one point in their life. All of the conflict originates in someone’s search for attention, love, or friendship. That the main component at the core of the story is loneliness.

Effectiveness of 4p’s in Terms of Mch and Education Essay

Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are among the most popular social protection schemes today. Promoted by multilateral institutions, notably the World Bank, CCTs have been adopted in at least 30 countries as of 2008, with further ones expected to follow suit in the coming years (WB‘s CCT Webpage). The map below shows these country-adopters. CCTs are grounded on the principle that human capital accumulation is a development vehicle which can be achieved by providing money to poor households, often to women, on conditions that they ensure children‘s regular attendance in school, accompany them to health clinics, and participate in classes and workshops on topics related to health, nutrition, and sanitation (St. Claire 2009: 177; Bradshaw 2008: 188; Hall 2006: 691). Citing the experiences of Latin American countries, particularly Mexico and Brazil, advocates have repeatedly claimed that CCTs are an effective and efficient means of reducing poverty and hunger, keeping childre n in school, enhancing the use of preventive healthcare, empowering women, and increasing the freedom of poor households to invest in their varied needs (WB‘s CCT Webpage; ECLAC 2004). No wonder, with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) deadline getting near, CCTs have been in vogue in a number of countries, including that archipelagic country in the east—the Philippines. In view of the worsening poverty situation and the MDG targets, the Philippine government ran a pilot CCT project in 2007, targeting 6,000 poor households in two provinces and two cities. It proceeded to implementing a full-scale program in 2008, calling it Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and targeting 320,000 additional households. When Benigno Aquino III was elected president in 2010, he decided to sustain his predecessor‘s 4Ps, and further expand its coverage so that when he bows out of the presidency in 2016, it will have reached a total of 4.3 million households (PCIJ 2011). Quoting the Philippine Development Plan 2011–2016, CCTs are the ―cornerstoneâ€â€" upon which the government ―has anchored [the] epic battle against poverty in the landâ€â€" (ibid.). This research has avoided the usual route of scrutinizing the implementation and (non)impact of CCTs in particular, and of development programs in general. It has taken one step back, and examined the factors that influenced or helped shape the government‘s decision to adopt CCTs in a country marked by a long history of poverty and inequality, and was once described as the Latin America in Asia1. The interest on this topic grew out of the observation of the government‘s continued adherence to the so-called residual type of social policy and social provision despite the lessons learned from and the criticisms hurled at past and on-going initiatives. It is in fact worth noting that the 4Ps which of late is called Pantawid Pamilya, is just one of the targeted and pallia tive poverty reduction measures pursued in the country. An earlier one, and internationally acclaimed at that, is the Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (Linking Arms Against Poverty) or KALAHI which has been the flagship poverty reduction program since 2003. A critical review of the KALAHI program reveals that its overall intervention does not offer a more permanent and effective way out of poverty because it lacks coherent plans and mutually supporting projects; and that its social protection component is neither broadly implemented nor viewed to provide permanent economic opportunities for the poor to accumulate assets and to engage in permanent income generating activities (Lim 2009: 29). An assessment of the Philippines‘ performance vis-à  -vis the MDGs supports this analysis. It stresses that†¦ Social protection in the Philippines is not universal; it is simply a bundle of safety net measures targeted at the poorest of the poor. It is [neither] a rights-based entitlement for all citizens†¦[nor a determined effort to] address the structural causes of poverty†¦Since it only targets the ―poorest of the poorâ€â€", many poor remained excluded from the government‘s anti-poverty programs. (Serrano in S ocial Watch Philippines 2010: 23) The analytical position adopted here is that ―policy choices are very politicalâ€â€" no matter how they are couched in technocratic jargon and touted as neutral (Fischer 2010: 40). As further explained, ―social policies are the outcomes of political bargains and conflicts since they touch upon power in society—its distribution and accessibility to different political actorsâ€â€" (Mkandawire 2004: 11 and 12). It is therefore imperative to unravel the interplay of different political processes, institutions, and actors, along with their diverse agenda and ideological persuasions in order to gain a better understanding of social policy choices. This research posits that the Philippine government‘s decision to adopt CCTs reflects the unchanged social policy trajectory marked by the tendency towards targeted, palliative, and supposedly apolitical social provision, not to mention externally-influenced, drawing ―encouragementâ€â€" and support from multilateral institutions, all at the expense of structural reform and redistribution (i.e., asset reform, employment creation, recall of unfair international trade rules and agreements). This trajectory has been defined by the interaction of various political institutions, also called ―the rules of the gameâ€â€", as well as actors, notably the elites whose longstanding dominance in the political and economic arenas has compelled and enabled them to suppress or overturn reform efforts that threaten their position and hold of power. That being said, CCTs paint a bleak picture for the long-term solution to poverty and inequality in the country mainly because like many other World Bank/multilateral donor-backed initiatives, they preclude rationalizing and confronting the structural roots of these problems. Framed in a way that appeals to the elites, middle class, masses, policymakers, bureaucrats, academics, and even a number of progressives—a program that addresses the laziness of the poor by requiring them to do something in exchange for some amount; a program that invests in the well-being of children; a program that efficiently uses the limited resources of government; a program that is supposedly ―apoliticalâ€â€", ―neutralâ€â€", or ―non-partisanâ€â€" and thus effectively reduces the likelihood of manipulation by politicos—a broad agreement of outright support for Pantawid Pamilya has been created despite warnings that it may only serve the Washington Consensus agenda of limiting the state, leaving the market to take care of income and welfare distribution, and granting mere safety nets to people who lose out in the process. Pantawid Pamilya is nothing but a continuation of the purportedly apolitical social policy of the country, and as such, runs the risk of obstructing government and society from going beyond palliatives and undertaking the untidy process of structural reform and distribution. With a situation like this, it is not to be expected that the program will catalyze the shift towards a redistributive and/or universal social provision. UNDP‘s Human Development Reports Webpage The Philippines is a country in the Southeast Asia in the western part of the Pacific Ocean. Its population based on the 2007 census is 88.5 million, of which 44.8 are males and 43.8 are females. Its average population growth rate as of that same year is 2.04 which registers a .32 decrease from 2000‘s 2.36. (NSO Website) Based on World Bank records, the growth in the country has been averaging around five percent over the last 10 years, except in 2010, where it has reached 7.6 percent, the highest in 30 years. Despite this positive picture, however, poverty continues to plague the country, while inequality remains a huge obstacle in achieving major strides in poverty reduction. The 2009 Official Poverty Statistics, the latest poverty report of the National Statistical Coordination Board, reveals that poverty incidence among the population has declined from 33.1 percent in 1991 to 24.9 percent in 2003, 26.4 in 2006, and 26.5 in 2009. Nevertheless, there still remains more than a quarter of the population, or roughly 23.14 million Filipinos livening in poverty. As for subsistence incidence among the population, the figures have decreased from 16.5 percent in 1991 to 11.1 in 2003, 11.7 in 2006, and 10.8 in 2006. As often the case, the official report differs from the unofficial report, especially if the bases are the perceptions of the poor themselves. Based on the survey conducted by the Social Weather Stations, self-rated poverty has ranged from 46 to 72 percent between 1991 and 2009. These numbers are obviously way about the official estimates. Within that period, overall self-rated hunger has averaged at 13.3 percent, of which moderate hunger has roughly been 9.8 percent, and severe hunger, 3.4 percent. Moderate hunger is when a family went hungry at least once in the last three months, while severe hunger is when a family often went hungry in the last three months. (SWS‘ Social Weather Indicators Webpage ) Inequality has shown a downward trend, but despite this decreasing gini ratio—from 0.4605 in 2003 to 0.4580 in 2006 to 0.4484 in 2009—it is still highest among the members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (UNDP as cited in NSCB 2011: 8). For instance, for the year 2009, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam recorded a gini ratio of 0.394, 0.425, and 0.378, respectively (ibid.). In terms of the Human Development Indicators, on one hand, the country‘s performance has been promising. Its score has consistently increased from 0.550 in 1980 to 0.571 in 1990, 0.602 in 2000, 0.641 in 2010, and 0.644 in 2011, although these are still below the global and the East Asia and the Pacific averages (UNDP‘s Human Development Reports Webpage). – 5 – It is also important to take into account the spatial dimension of poverty. The regions with highest poverty incidence by families are the Caraga Region (39.8%) and the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (38.1%), while those with highest number of poor families are Central Visayas (415,303) and Bicol (385,338). The regions with highest subsistence incidence are the Zamboanga Peninsula (18.6%) and Northern Mindanao (15.6%), while those with the highest number of subsistence poor families are Central Visayas (181,649) and Bicol (137,527). Almost 40% of the income poor families are in Luzon, and 40% of the subsistence poor families are in Mindanao. (NSCB‘s 2009 Poverty Statistics Webpage) Moreover, majority of the poor are still located in the rural area with figures that have remained in the 70-percent-mark since 1985 based on the estimates of Balisacan (2006). (Emma_s_RP_Final_Draft_Nov_2011)

My First Collegiate Academic Goal - 1691 Words

My first collegiate academic goal is: I will earn at least an 80 percent on my first biology and statistics exams. Being that I truly love both math and science, receiving superb grades on my first exam for these two are extremely important to me because they are hand-and-hand at placing for the second hardest classes thus far in college (in my personal opinion). Achieving this enabling goal would motivate me to strive for higher grades in the near future, helping me believe that I could do much better in order to attain a great GPA, so that I could get into medical school after receiving my undergraduate degree. Practicing my study habits will construct the permanent foundation of how I progress as a college student. How will I do so? The first action step that will be made to reach this goal is to sit in the front of the classroom. I get easily distracted, so sitting in the front of the classroom, especially one with 254 students, will not only decrease the chances of me getting di stracted, but will ensure that the information has properly been withheld. Also, recording lectures to review later and rewriting notes are great methods that will definitely be beneficial to me when studying for exams. Next, if there is not enough time to meet up with the professor, I will sign up for various tutoring/office-hour sessions to review homework and basic concepts that are needed to pass the exams with a guaranteed good grade. On this journey called life, I continue to learn more andShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects of Title Ix1741 Words   |  7 Pagesgender-segregated by sport. In terms of intercollegiate athletics, Title IX essentially states that that all academic institutes of higher education are required to accommodate students with equal access to athletic participation, regardless of gender. 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